{"id":9145,"date":"2011-12-21T10:35:00","date_gmt":"2011-12-21T07:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=9145"},"modified":"2011-12-21T10:35:13","modified_gmt":"2011-12-21T07:35:13","slug":"gelir-dagiliminda-marjinal-duzelme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/gelir-dagiliminda-marjinal-duzelme\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelir Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda Marjinal D\u00fczelme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piyasa ekonomilerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 sorunlar hemen su \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar, neredeyse g\u00f6zle izlenir hale gelir. Bu t\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131 izlemek hem daha kolayd\u0131r hem de bunlar hakk\u0131nda ahkam kesmek daha az risklidir. Baz\u0131 sorunlar ise piyasa sisteminin i\u015fleyi\u015fi i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara ait bilgiler \u00f6zel olarak derlenip, sunulmazsa bu sorunlar\u0131 izlemek ve haklar\u0131nda nesnel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olu\u015fturmak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz. Bu nedenle s\u00f6z konusu\u00a0 sorunlar\u0131n irdelenmesi \u00e7o\u011fu kez \u00f6znel olur.<\/p><div class=\"bilge-yaziust\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"bilge-476802819\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7495567325667578\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"9580705384\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"rectangle\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<p>Piyasa sistemi i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131 kalan ve izlenmesi g\u00f6rece zor olan temel sorunlardan birisi\u00a0 gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Oldum olas\u0131 gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iktisat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en zor ve \u00e7etrefil mesele oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. Bunun nedeni gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iktisat \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerinde siyaset ve ideoloji y\u00fck\u00fc en a\u011f\u0131r olan sorun olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 temelde adalet sorunsal\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilir. Adalet kavram\u0131\u00a0 ile ideoloji ve siyaset bir araya gelince \u00f6znellik dozu tavan yapar Bu nedenle gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma hi\u00e7 bitmez.<\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00f6zel bilgi ve veri \u00fcretilmesi g\u00f6rece yeni bir hizmettir. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) bu g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Kurum, belli gecikmelerle, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, yoksulluk vb gibi olu\u015fumlara ili\u015fkin bilgi ve veri \u00fcretip kamuoyuna sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00dc\u0130K hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na ait &#8220;Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131&#8221; ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Temel bulgular 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte sunuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mukayeseli bir tablo \u00e7izmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni bulgular\u0131n en \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7eken sonucu en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirlilerle en y\u00fcksek gelirliler aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n gerilemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok yay\u0131n organ\u0131 &#8220;T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczeliyor&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu bulguyu man\u015fetlere ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda yeni verilere bakarak gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda bir d\u00fczelme oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ama bu de\u011ferlendirmeyi ciddiye almamak da pek ala m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Zira gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczeliyor dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8.5 kat olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelir grubu ile en y\u00fcksek gelir grubu aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8 kata gerilemi\u015f olmas\u0131. Yani, alt ve \u00fcst gelir gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki\u00a0 fark sadece yar\u0131m puan gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Yar\u0131m puanl\u0131k gerilemeden b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kartman\u0131n do\u011fru olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bir kere gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda d\u00fczelme imas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu t\u00fcr hareketler ilk kez olmuyor. Dahas\u0131, bu katsay\u0131 olduk\u00e7a hareketli. En alt ve en \u00fcst gelir gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 9.4 kat olarak hesaplan\u0131yor. Bu say\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7.5 d\u00fczeyine kadar gerileyip, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir iyile\u015fme\u00a0 sinyali verdikten sonra 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar 8.5 d\u00fczeyine y\u00fckselerek gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda bir bozulma oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u015eimdi, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda, fark oran\u0131 yeniden 8 d\u00fczeyine gerileyerek bir kez daha gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda bir d\u00fczelme oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/p><div class=\"bilge-content-1\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"bilge-3943026218\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7495567325667578\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3167340272\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"rectangle\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<p>Bu bulgulara bakarak bir de\u011ferlendirme yapacak olursak T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n oynak bir kulvarda hareket etti\u011fini ve hareket boyutunun da marjinal olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine pek ge\u00e7medi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n durumunu bu fark oran\u0131ndan hareketle de\u011ferlendirme imkan\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k daha \u00e7ok bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kullan\u0131lan &#8220;Lorenz analizi&#8221; ve bundan t\u00fcretilen &#8220;Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131&#8221; dedi\u011fimiz y\u00f6ntemler gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hareketi ve bunun boyutlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 daha net ve inan\u0131l\u0131r bilgiler veriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 bir y\u0131l \u00f6nceye g\u00f6re 0.013 puan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle 0.402 olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7ok ufak, marjinal say\u0131labilecek bir iyile\u015fme oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p><div class=\"bilge-content-2\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"bilge-1790900064\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7495567325667578\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1818807385\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"rectangle\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<p>Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n grafik g\u00f6sterimi olan Lorenz e\u011frisinin hareketine bakarak da ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 2009 ve 2010 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait Lorenz e\u011frileri neredeyse \u00fcst \u00fcste oturmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u0131la ait e\u011frilerdeki \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda bir y\u0131l \u00f6nceye g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bozuktur. Gelir adil da\u011f\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Bu yeni bir \u015fey de de\u011fildir. Oldum olas\u0131 durum budur. T\u00fcrkiye gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 en bozuk olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Fakir \u00e7ok fakirdir. Zengin de \u00e7ok zengindir. Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczeldi dedi\u011fimiz 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda bile gelirin yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n (y\u00fczde 46.4) n\u00fcfusun\u00a0 en y\u00fcksek gelirli y\u00fczde yirmilik grubu taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 bu tablonun s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Gerisi teferruatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piyasa ekonomilerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 sorunlar hemen su \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar, neredeyse g\u00f6zle izlenir hale gelir. Bu t\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131 izlemek hem daha kolayd\u0131r hem de bunlar hakk\u0131nda&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9145\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}