{"id":15121,"date":"2012-05-08T08:43:09","date_gmt":"2012-05-08T06:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=15121"},"modified":"2012-05-08T08:43:25","modified_gmt":"2012-05-08T06:43:25","slug":"turkiyede-ekonomi-politikasi-uygulamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/turkiyede-ekonomi-politikasi-uygulamalari\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Ekonomi Politikas\u0131 Uygulamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye liberal bir ekonomi politikas\u0131 izledi. Bu, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir modeldi. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin serbest d\u0131\u015f ticaret politikas\u0131 izlemesi vard\u0131. Bu politika 1930\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6nemde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sundu\u011fum grafikten de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6nemli miktarda d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 verdi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-SbwZp4lLyOU\/T6inz3_HB_I\/AAAAAAAABas\/q-oermsbajo\/s1600\/dt.JPG\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow external noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-SbwZp4lLyOU\/T6inz3_HB_I\/AAAAAAAABas\/q-oermsbajo\/s1600\/dt.JPG\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a01929 B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcnya Bunal\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131na taraf olan devletler bu antla\u015fman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 denetleyecek durumu kalmam\u0131\u015f, herkes bunal\u0131m\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 nedeniyle kendi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n derdine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu f\u0131rsattan yararlanan T\u00fcrkiye liberal politikalar\u0131 terk ederek devlet\u00e7i politikalara ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk Paras\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ymetini Koruma Kanunu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kat\u0131 bir d\u00f6viz rejimi devreye girdi. T\u00fcrkiye ithal ikamesine dayal\u0131, devletin K\u0130T\u2019ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcretimin do\u011frudan i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bir model uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak iki kez 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k sanayi plan\u0131 uyguland\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem, yukar\u0131daki grafikten de izlenebilece\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazlaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Devlet\u00e7i politikalar 1950 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti yeniden liberal politikalara d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Petrol Kanunu, Yabanc\u0131 Sermayeyi Te\u015fvik Kanunu bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme hareketi ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1950\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren ekonomide ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan darbo\u011fazlar sonucu 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda sistem bir kez daha devlet\u00e7i politikalara d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye 1950\u2019lerde yeniden d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1960 darbesinin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye devlet\u00e7i politikalar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere planl\u0131 ekonomi modeline ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ithal ikamesi ve kambiyo denetimi e\u015fli\u011finde bir politika izlemi\u015ftir. Bu politikalara zaman zaman fiyat denetimleri, K\u0130T\u2019ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015fta tar\u0131m kesimi olmak \u00fczere \u00fcretimin y\u00f6nlendirilmesi e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. Bu politika uygulamalar\u0131 1980\u2019lere kadar etkisi azalarak devam etmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden birisi kamu kesimi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ekonomi politikas\u0131 izlenmesine, ithalat ikamesi ve sabit d\u00f6viz kuru rejimi uygulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1970\u2019lerin sonunda T\u00fcrkiye bir kez daha \u00f6demeler dengesi krizine girince 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131n\u0131 almak zorunda kald\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r bir deval\u00fcasyondan sonra ekonomiye yeniden \u015fekil verdi. Ard\u0131ndan gelen \u00d6zal h\u00fck\u00fcmetleriyle yeniden liberal politikalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye kambiyo denetimlerini hafifletti, sabit kur rejiminden m\u00fcdahaleli dalgal\u0131 kur rejimine ge\u00e7ti, fiyat denetimlerini piyasaya terk etti, K\u0130T\u2019lerin g\u00f6rev zararlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Giderek artan kamu harcamalar\u0131 vergi gelirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lanamaz hale gelince 1980\u2019lerin ortas\u0131ndan itibaren kamu bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131 h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, bor\u00e7lanma neredeyse as\u0131l finansman arac\u0131 haline geldi. B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, enflasyonu, enflasyonun artmas\u0131 faizleri ve hepsi birden kamu bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc makinesi haline geldi. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar T\u00fcrk kamu maliyesinin belki de en sorunlu y\u0131llar\u0131d\u0131r. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda derin bir ekonomik krize giren T\u00fcrkiye bir kez daha IMF deste\u011fiyle krizden \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ama bu krizin ekonomiye maliyeti \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1930\u2019lar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan 1950\u2019lerin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fct\u00e7e fazlas\u0131 verdi. 1950\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrekli b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 vererek geldi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-NYOtJsHgz-g\/T6iux9N9TqI\/AAAAAAAABbY\/1ZsVa78R3lo\/s1600\/Capture.JPG\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow external noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-NYOtJsHgz-g\/T6iux9N9TqI\/AAAAAAAABbY\/1ZsVa78R3lo\/s1600\/Capture.JPG\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan y\u00fcksek enflasyon olgusu 2001 krizinden sonra d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimine girdi. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik T\u00dcFE baz\u0131nda enflasyonun 1983\u2019den 2010\u2019a kadar olan geli\u015fimini g\u00f6steriyor. Enflasyonun en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l kriz ya\u015fanan 1994 y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a01990\u2019larda ya\u015fanan olumsuzluklar ve yap\u0131lan ekonomi politikas\u0131 hatalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir kez daha ekonomik kriz a\u015famas\u0131na getirdi. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kriz, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fimdiye kadar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck krizdir. Kriz, mali kesimden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de as\u0131l olarak kamu kesiminin a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131. Bunu yukar\u0131daki grafikte g\u00f6sterilen b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminden izlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 2001 krizi sonras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda IMF deste\u011fi alan T\u00fcrkiye yeni bir d\u00f6neme girdi ve \u00f6zel kesim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ekonomi politikas\u0131 izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00f6nemin politika \u00f6zellikleri, dalgal\u0131 kur rejimi, K\u0130T\u2019lerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ya da \u00fcretimdeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kararlar\u0131n piyasaya terk edilmesi olarak \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mahfiegilmez.com\/2012\/05\/turkiyede-ekonomi-politikas-uygulamalar.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" rel=\"nofollow external noopener\">TIKLAYINIZ.<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye liberal bir ekonomi politikas\u0131 izledi. Bu, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir modeldi. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin serbest d\u0131\u015f ticaret politikas\u0131 izlemesi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":13098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15121\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}