M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda “faizi haram g\u00f6r\u00fcp” tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 bankada de\u011ferlendirmek istemeyenlere ge\u00e7en y\u00fcz y\u0131lda tasaruflar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirecekleri kar\/zarar ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 \u0130slam bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\/Kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi sunuldu. Bir yandan d\u00fcnya dev bankalar\u0131 Citibank-UBS ve HSBC gibi bankalar bu alana girdi. Bir yandan da \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde bu alanda finans kurumlar\u0131 kuruldu. Bunun sonucunda d\u00fcnyada “faizi haram g\u00f6renlerin” 1 trilyon dolarl\u0131k tasaruflar\u0131 60 \u00fclkede yast\u0131k alt\u0131ndan finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne girerken, 1985’te T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankalar\u0131 da 56 milyar 100 milyon liral\u0131k bir aktif b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015farak yast\u0131k alt\u0131 birikimleri finansal sisteme \u00e7eken enst\u00fcrman oldu.
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmalara baksan\u0131z ilk bankac\u0131l\u0131k tarihinin \u0130sa’dan \u00d6nce 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mezapotamya’da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Denizli Leodikya kaz\u0131 alan\u0131n giri\u015findeki tabelay\u0131 okusan\u0131z, Leodikya’n\u0131n ilk bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve tekstil merkezlerinden biri oldu\u011fu bilgisine ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Banka s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131na baksan\u0131z, Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da \u0130talya liman kentlerinde, bir bank \u00fczerinde orturan sarraflar\u0131n seyahate giden gemicilerin e\u015flerine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda e\u015fleri d\u00f6nene kadar bor\u00e7 verdi\u011fini,\u00a0 seyahate \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n korsanlara kapt\u0131rmaktan korktuklar\u0131 birikimlerini emanete alarak bir nevi bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenirsiniz\u2026
\nBanka s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar banker s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de bu bankta oturan sarraflardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren bir\u00e7ok kaynak s\u00f6z konusudur. Peki, “Faiz” dedi\u011fimiz zaman neyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z?
\n\u0130lk bankerlerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Yahudilerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu, Hristiyan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 gere\u011fi “Faizi haram g\u00f6r\u00fcp” bu sekt\u00f6rde yer almad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da yine bu metinlerden \u00f6\u011freniriz. Hristiyanlar\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda din \u00f6nderlerinin “faize” izin vermesinden sonra bu alana girdiklerini, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n “faiz haram” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biliyoruz. Ancak, ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130slam bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\/kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemiyle inan\u00e7lar\u0131 gere\u011fi faizden uzak duran M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131l olmaktan\/yast\u0131k alt\u0131ndan kalmaktan istem i\u00e7ine \u00e7eken “faiz yerine\/kar pay\u0131” sunan bankac\u0131l\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nBug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada 60 \u00fclkede faaliyet g\u00f6steren 1 trilyon dolarl\u0131k bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yandan n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130slam olan \u00fclkelerde bu alanda kuruluyor. Bir yandan da d\u00fcnya banka devleri Citibank, HSBC, UBS gibi bankalar da bu alanda faaliyet g\u00f6steren birimler olu\u015fturuyorlar.
\n\u0130slam bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, faizsizlik ilk kez \u00fclkemizde de teorik planda ele al\u0131n\u0131p 1970’lerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. O d\u00f6nemden hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m DPT uzman\u0131 Tun\u00e7 Tayan\u00e7, muraba\u011fa ve benzeri konular\u0131 ele alan bro\u015f\u00fcrlerle bu konuda yay\u0131nlar yapt\u0131.<\/p>