{"id":14098,"date":"2012-04-12T08:27:27","date_gmt":"2012-04-12T06:27:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=14098"},"modified":"2012-04-12T08:27:44","modified_gmt":"2012-04-12T06:27:44","slug":"magna-carta-libertatum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/magna-carta-libertatum\/","title":{"rendered":"Magna Carta Libertatum"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u0130ngiltere kral\u0131 Yurtsuz John (1166 \u2013 1216) Frans\u0131zlara kaybedilen topraklar\u0131 geri alabilmek i\u00e7in ordusunu ve onun i\u00e7in de mali sistemi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek vergileri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu yeni d\u00fczenlemeyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi ordusuyla Fransa kral\u0131 II. Philip\u2019le yeniden sava\u015fa girdi. 1214 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bouvines sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kaybederek yenilmi\u015f ordusuyla \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde baronlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer soylular\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n nedeni kral\u0131n getirdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r vergiler ve di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerdi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1215 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz soylular\u0131, kral Yurtsuz John\u2019a Magna Carta Libertatum\u2019u (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Belgesi) imzalatt\u0131lar. Bu belgeyle kral\u0131n sonsuz g\u00f6r\u00fcnen yetkileri s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131yor, monar\u015fiden me\u015fruti monar\u015fiye ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f oluyordu. Her ne kadar daha \u00e7ok soylular\u0131n krala kar\u015f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lasa da bir\u00e7ok siyaset bilimi uzman\u0131 Magna Carta\u2019y\u0131 demokrasinin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak kabul eder.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Magna Carta\u2019n\u0131n belki de en \u00f6nemli maddesi 39. maddesidir: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr ki\u015filer \u00fclke kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yasal bir bi\u00e7imde yarg\u0131lan\u0131p h\u00fck\u00fcm giymeden tutuklanmayacak, hapsedilmeyecek, mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcnden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak, kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilmeyecek, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmeyecek veya hangi bi\u00e7imde olursa olsun zarara u\u011frat\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan Hititler, hukuk alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devrime imza att\u0131lar. O zamana kadar ortado\u011fuda ge\u00e7erli olan Babil kral\u0131 Hammurabi\u2019ye ait k\u0131sas hukukunu tazminat hukukuyla de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015fkent Hattu\u015fa\u2019da Panku ad\u0131 verilen bir soylular meclisi kurdular. Bu meclis krala dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. Panku, Magna Carta\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2700 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki bir tarihte kurulmu\u015ftur. Hititlerin getirdi\u011fi tazminat hukuku anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 3500 y\u0131ld\u0131r hukuk yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mahfiegilmez.com\/2012\/04\/magna-carta-libertatum.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" rel=\"nofollow external noopener\">TIKLAYINIZ.<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130ngiltere kral\u0131 Yurtsuz John (1166 \u2013 1216) Frans\u0131zlara kaybedilen topraklar\u0131 geri alabilmek i\u00e7in ordusunu ve onun i\u00e7in de mali sistemi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek vergileri b\u00fcy\u00fck&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":13098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14098\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}