<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n (Y\u0131llar)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1850<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1873<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1914<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1919<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1929<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1932<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1950<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2006<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n *GSYH ()<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n**	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Fransa<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 58.0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 72.8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 134.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 108.8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 194.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 165.7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 220.5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,442.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Almanya<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 48.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 79.9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 202.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 156.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 262.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 220.9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 265.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,647.8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n \u0130talya<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 33.0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 43.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 95.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 106.0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 125.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 122.1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 165.0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,151.1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n \u0130ngiltere<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 63.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 108.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 226.9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 226.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 251.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 238.5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 347.9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,394.8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Kanada<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 7.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 32.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 34.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 52.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 39.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 102.2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 814.8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n ABD<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 42.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 112.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 477.6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 599.1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 843.3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 615.7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,455.9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 9,266.4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n *Ki\u015fi Ba\u015f\u0131na GSYH ()<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n**	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Fransa<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,597<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,922<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,236<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,811<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,710<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,959<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 5,186<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 22,786<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Almanya<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,428<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,999<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,059<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,586<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,051<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,362<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,881<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 19,993<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n \u0130talya<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,350<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,524<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,543<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,845<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,093<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,948<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,502<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 19,802<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n \u0130ngiltere<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,330<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,365<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,927<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,870<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 5,503<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 5,148<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 6,939<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 23,013<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Kanada<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,330<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,842<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,025<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,019<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 5,065<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 3,671<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 7,291<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 24,951<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n ABD<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 1,806<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 2,604<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,799<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 5,680<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 6,899<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 4,908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 9,561<\/div>\n<\/td>\n	\n 31,049<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n	<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/div>\n Tablo bize, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli sanayi \u00fclkelerindeki verilere dayanarak, sanayi devrimi ve onunla birlikte egemen olan kapitalist sistemin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fmesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 1850 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kabaca sanayi devriminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak al\u0131rsak Milattan itibaren 1850 y\u0131ldaki geli\u015fmenin sonraki 160 y\u0131lda katlanarak artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de son 60 y\u0131lda \u00e7ok daha fazla h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk 1500 y\u0131lda yaln\u0131zca 4 \u2013 5 kat artm\u0131\u015f bulunan ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelir sanayi devrimi ile kapitalizm i\u015fbirli\u011finin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 1850 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana (yani 160 y\u0131lda) 10 \u2013 15 kat artm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \u00d6zetle sanayi devrimi ve kapitalizm i\u015fbirli\u011finin d\u00fcnya ekonomik geli\u015fmesini son derecede h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylememiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. (Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fimin \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 bozucu etkileri bu makalenin konusunu olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r. Ama bu ger\u00e7eklerin de teslim edilmesi gerekir.)<\/div>\n \n<\/strong><\/div>\n Kapitalizmin \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck krizi\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n Her ne kadar kapitalizmin bir ekonomik sistem olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 150 – 200 y\u0131l kadar geriye ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p sanayi devriminin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011flasak da bir d\u00fcnya sistemi haline geli\u015fini \u00f6zellikle son 100 \u2013 125 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sistemin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 irili ufakl\u0131 krizler aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. \u0130lk kriz \u201cUzun Depresyon\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ve 1873\u2019de ba\u015flay\u0131p 1896\u2019ya kadar uzanan, hatta bir\u00e7ok yorumcuya g\u00f6re Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na neden olacak kadar uzun s\u00fcren krizdir. 1873 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 9 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda Viyana Borsas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan panik k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bir sistem krizine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ekonomi tarihi yorumcular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc krizin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedeninin temelinde Frans\u0131z Prusya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ertesinde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Almanya\u2019ya \u00f6demek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f tazminat\u0131n\u0131n rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Baz\u0131 yorumcular krizin ABD\u2019yi de etkilemesini \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015ftan sonra ABD\u2019nin izledi\u011fi alt\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ediyorlar. Monetaristler krizin k\u00f6keninde o d\u00f6nemde paran\u0131n de\u011ferini belirleyen alt\u0131n miktar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan k\u0131tl\u0131k oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunuyorlar. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin hepsinde do\u011fruluk pay\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etmek belki de en mant\u0131kl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m. Nedeni ne olursa olsun kapitalizmin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk ciddi kriz budur.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n Uzun Depresyon 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenleri aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019ya y\u00fcklenen sava\u015f tazminat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu dikkatten ka\u00e7mamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \u0130kinci kriz \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Bunal\u0131m\u201d ya da \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Depresyon\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ve 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p 1935\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren krizdir. Birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na girilirken \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu alt\u0131n standard\u0131 denilen bir para sistemine sahipti. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t para, alt\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak bas\u0131l\u0131yor ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00f6viz kuru da alt\u0131n kuru \u00fczerinden olu\u015fuyordu. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra paraya \u015fiddetle ihtiya\u00e7 duyan Avrupa \u00fclkeleri alt\u0131n standard\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z para basmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z para bas\u0131m\u0131 enflasyona neden oldu. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin paralar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalmas\u0131 ve enflasyonun h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n paralar\u0131n\u0131 ve alt\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, alt\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 para basmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ABD\u2019nin bankalar\u0131na yollamalar\u0131na ve bu geli\u015fim de New York\u2019un d\u00fcnya finans merkezi unvan\u0131n\u0131 Londra\u2019n\u0131n elinden almas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyadaki alt\u0131n servetinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131 ABD\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n ABD\u2019de biriken bu b\u00fcy\u00fck servet m\u00fcthi\u015f bir ekonomik s\u0131\u00e7ramaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131. De\u011ferler \u015fi\u015fmeye, balonlar olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Borsada de\u011ferler astronomik h\u0131zlarla y\u00fckseldi. Herkes var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu bu alanlara yat\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler alt\u0131n giri\u015fini \u00f6zendirmek i\u00e7in alt\u0131n standard\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve deflasyonist politikalar izlediler. Bu politikalar sonucunda fiyatlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nedeniyle ekonomik faaliyetler gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fimin devam\u0131 sonucunda 1929 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda ABD borsas\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru gidi\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. 24 Ekim 1929\u2019da ekonomi tarihine Kara Per\u015fembe olarak ge\u00e7en seanslarda borsa tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde borsada 4 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde kay\u0131p ya\u015fand\u0131. Krizde 4000 dolay\u0131nda banka batt\u0131. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcnya krizi ad\u0131 verilen ve yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir krize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kriz ABD\u2019de Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc. ABD\u2019nin GSYH\u2019s\u0131 1929\u2019da 315 milyar dolar iken 1933\u2019de 216 milyar dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 1929\u2019da y\u00fczde 3.2 iken 1933\u2019de y\u00fczde 25\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde fiyatlar y\u00fczde 25 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (deflasyon.)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Bunal\u0131m\u0131n bir\u00e7ok nedeni var. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: (1) ABD\u2019de \u00fcretimin say\u0131l\u0131 holdingin elinde toplanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ciddi sorunlar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan birka\u00e7 tanesinin bunal\u0131ma girmesi genel bir krize yol a\u00e7abilecek ortam\u0131 yaratacak durumdayd\u0131. (2) Bankalarla ilgili bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi kapsaml\u0131 kurallar, denetim mekanizmalar\u0131 ve mevduat sigortas\u0131 sistemi mevcut de\u011fildi. (3) Ekonomi politikas\u0131 bug\u00fcn klasik ekonomi politikas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve ekonomiye devlet m\u00fcdahalesi yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan y\u00f6ntemle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor, ekonomideki bozulmaya kar\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131n standard\u0131na ve para basmamaya dayal\u0131 politika s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Adeta Adam Smith\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez elinin gelip ekonomiyi kurtarmas\u0131 bekleniyordu.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n 1929 D\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi, kapitalist sistemin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck krizdir.\u00a0\u00a0Milyonlarca insan i\u015fini kaybetmi\u015f, \u00fclkelerin milli gelirleri gerilemi\u015f, ekonomiler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticaret b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke alt\u0131n ve d\u00f6viz rezervlerini koruyabilmek i\u00e7in ithalat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 deval\u00fce etmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler yabanc\u0131 parayla i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta uluslararas\u0131 ticaret h\u0131zla daralm\u0131\u015f, istihdam ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n D\u00fcnya ekonomisinin bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bunal\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u0130ngiliz iktisat\u00e7\u0131 John Maynard Keynes\u2019in form\u00fcle etti\u011fi devlet m\u00fcdahaleleri yoluyla olmu\u015ftur. Keynes 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel Teori (\u0130stihdam, Faiz ve Para Genel Teorisi) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, sonradan Keynesyen ekonomi ya da karma ekonomi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lacak olan devlet m\u00fcdahalelerinin form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Deflasyonist bir geli\u015fmeden depresyona ge\u00e7en kapitalist d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri ekonomiye devlet m\u00fcdahalesi yapmak suretiyle ekonomilerini canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n Canlanman\u0131n ilk sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik bunal\u0131mdan g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zarar\u0131n nedenlerine dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru d\u00fcnya kapitalizminin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 bu t\u00fcr bunal\u0131mlar\u0131 daha kolay atlatabilmek i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir i\u015fbirli\u011fine gitmenin ve bunu kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck kriz i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cK\u00fcresel Kriz\u201ddir. Her ne kadar ilk a\u015famada finans s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fin i\u00e7ine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da sonras\u0131nda gelinen noktada konu finans krizi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir ekonomik krize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu krizin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde emlak fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n mortgage kredileriyle \u015fi\u015firilmesine ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlere dayal\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6nleme ba\u015fvurmu\u015f olsa da kriz halen devam etmektedir.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \u00dcretim sistemi de\u011fi\u015fiyor d\u00fczenleyici sistem ayak uyduram\u0131yor<\/strong><\/div>\n Ekonomik sistem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin i\u00e7ine girdi\u011finde bir s\u00fcre sonra krize neden olmaktad\u0131r. 1873 tarihli Uzun Depresyon, merkantilizmden sanayi kapitalizmine ge\u00e7i\u015fin sanc\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ticaret kapitalizminden sanayi kapitalizmine ge\u00e7i\u015f kurallar\u0131 ve denetimiyle birlikte uygulanmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Ne var ki uygulama b\u00f6yle olmam\u0131\u015f, kurallar ve denetim hep \u00e7ok gecikmeli olarak gelmi\u015f, gelene kadar da kriz yaratan ortam geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sanayi kapitalizminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretimin deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fclkelere pazarlanmas\u0131yla sorun a\u015f\u0131labilmi\u015ftir. Lenin bu a\u015famay\u0131 emperyalizm olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n 1929 tarihli B\u00fcy\u00fck Depresyon, ticaretin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada serbestle\u015fti\u011fi ve finansal kapitalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonomik sistemde yine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, uygulama, yine kurallar\u0131 ve denetimi beklemeksizin ilerlemi\u015f ve sonu\u00e7ta kriz yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in TIKLAYINIZ.<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kapitalizmin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi 1800\u2019lere gelinceye kadar egemen olan ekonomik sistem merkantilizmdi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyada uygulanan sistemin merkantilizm oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde bir genelleme yapmam\u0131z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":13098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13302\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}