\u0130thalat ve ihracatta \u00f6deme \u015fekillerini ara\u015ft\u0131ran haber, ihracatta y\u00fczde 9 pe\u015fin \u00f6demeyle sat\u0131\u015f yapmam\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131n, ithalata y\u00fczde 46 pe\u015fin \u00f6deme ile al\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Ancak, sekt\u00f6r temsilcileriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu\u015fmalar ithalatta pe\u015fin \u00f6demenin,\u00a0\u00a0 avantajlar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130hracatta ise \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sigorta \u00f6demeleriyle \u00f6deme garantisinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisinden s\u00f6z ediliyor. Farkl\u0131 pazarlar i\u00e7zin de farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 uygulamalar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemleniyor.
\nEskiden baz\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7ersinde “Pe\u015fin satan\/ Veresiye saten” diye bir tablo yer al\u0131rd\u0131. Pe\u015fin satan d\u00fczenli bir i\u015fyerinde koltukta kayk\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6stekli g\u00fclen y\u00fczl\u00fc, zenginlik ifade eden bir tipti. Veresiye satan\u0131n d\u00fckkan\u0131 darmada\u011f\u0131n, kendisi darmada\u011f\u0131n bir peri\u015fanl\u0131k ifade ederdi. Bu tabloyla veresiye sat\u0131\u015f yapmak istemeyen bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinin duvar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck.
\nArkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Talip Akta\u015f’\u0131n “Veresiye sat\u0131p, pe\u015fin al\u0131yoruz” haberinde ihracat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczde 7’sini pe\u015fin satarken, ithalat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczde 46’s\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6deme ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ortaya koyan haberini okuyunca bu tabloyu hat\u0131rlad\u0131m.
\nHaberde yer alan son 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k ihracat ve ithalatta \u00f6deme \u015fekillerini g\u00f6steren tabloya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda sistemin kendi i\u00e7ersinde \u00f6deme \u015fekilleriyle oturmu\u015f bir yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130hracatta pe\u015fin \u00f6deme y\u00fczdesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckken, mal mukabili \u00f6demenin yani al\u0131c\u0131ya tam g\u00fcn i\u00e7ersinde bedeli al\u0131nmadan mal\u0131 g\u00f6nderme y\u00f6nteminin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130thalatta ise pe\u015fin \u00f6deme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131rken, be\u015fte birler oran\u0131nda da mal mukabili \u00f6demenin yani yerli \u00fcreticiye g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 \u00f6deme \u015feklinin g\u00fcndemde oldu\u011fu sonucu kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.
\nHaberi okuduktan sonra \u00f6ncelikle 30 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ticari ili\u015fkide olan bir konfeksiyoncu dostuma hangi pazarda ticaretinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu sordum: “D\u0131\u015f ticarette ili\u015fkiler pazarlara ve d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130li\u015fkilerde s\u00fcreklik ve kredibilite \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Biz kuma\u015f al\u0131rken Uzakdo\u011fu’yla y\u00fczde 30 pe\u015fin \u00f6deme ve akreditifle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Uzakdo\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa ve Amerikal\u0131lar da akreditifle yap\u0131yorlar. Ama Avrupal\u0131lar bizimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda akreditifi tercih etmiyorlar. Bizde istenen mal\u0131 y\u00fczde 100 sigorta ettirip, y\u00fczde 80 a\u00e7\u0131k hesapla g\u00f6nderiyoruz. \u00d6demeler genellikle mal\u0131n ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, 30-60 ve 90 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Sigorta \u015firketleri Avrupal\u0131 ve komisyon \u00f6demeleri\u00a0 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Sorun \u00e7\u0131karsa y\u00fczde 80’ini \u00f6d\u00fcyorlar. Ama \u015fimdiye kadar sorun \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Rusya ve Ortado\u011fu pazarlar\u0131na ise y\u00fczde 40 pe\u015fin ile sat\u0131yoruz. Dezorganize pazarlar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00f6nlemler ve ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oluyor. Kuma\u015f al\u0131mlar\u0131nda pe\u015fin daha a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, pe\u015fin al\u0131m yap\u0131nca baz\u0131 masraflardan kurtuluyoruz.” Yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m.<\/p>