{"id":12305,"date":"2012-03-02T11:10:30","date_gmt":"2012-03-02T09:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=12305"},"modified":"2012-03-02T11:10:39","modified_gmt":"2012-03-02T09:10:39","slug":"turkiyede-gelir-dagilimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/turkiyede-gelir-dagilimi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Gelir Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lardan en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u0131 Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kare \u00e7izerek soldaki dikey eksene y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde GSYH\u2019dan al\u0131nan paylar\u0131, alttaki yatay eksene de yine y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik paylar halinde n\u00fcfusu yerle\u015ftirelim. Her bir y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik n\u00fcfus pay\u0131n\u0131n gelirden ne kadar pay ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu eksenlerin aras\u0131nda kalan alanda i\u015faretlersek kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir e\u011fri \u00e7\u0131kar. Buna Lorenz E\u011frisi ad\u0131n\u0131 veriyoruz. \u015eimdi de soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru karenin k\u00f6\u015fegen \u00e7izgisini \u00e7izelim. Buna da mutlak e\u015fitlik \u00e7izgisi diyoruz. Yani b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015faretlerimiz bu \u00e7izginin \u00fczerine gelirse o toplumda gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fittir. Lorenz e\u011frisi mutlak e\u015fitlik \u00e7izgisinden ne kadar uzakla\u015f\u0131yorsa gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 o kadar bozuluyor demektir. Lorenz e\u011frisinin kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 mutlak e\u015fitlik \u00e7izgisinin alt\u0131nda kalan alan\u0131n tamam\u0131na b\u00f6lersek kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir oran \u00e7\u0131kar. Buna Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131 diyoruz. E\u011fer gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla e\u015fitse, yani b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferler mutlak e\u015fitlik \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerindeyse o zaman Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r \u00e7\u0131kacak demektir. S\u0131f\u0131r ile bir aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen katsay\u0131, s\u0131f\u0131ra yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011finin, bire yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011finin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler bize.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00dc\u0130K yapmaktad\u0131r. 2001 krizinden hemen sonraki y\u0131lda 0.44 gibi bir d\u00fczeyde olan Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131, izleyen y\u0131llarda d\u00fczelme e\u011filimine girmi\u015f 2003\u2019de 0,42, 2004\u2019de 0,40\u2019a inmi\u015f ve 2005\u2019de 0.38 ile d\u00fczelmenin doruk noktas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. E\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye bu e\u011filimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilseydi gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bozuklu\u011funu d\u00fczeltme yolunda ilerliyor olacakt\u0131. Ne var ki 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden 0.43\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kan Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 2007 ve 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 0.41 oran\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0 Bu geli\u015fim bize krizin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 iyile\u015fmesi ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Yani 2002 ile 2005 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczelmesinin krizin getirdi\u011fi t\u00f6rp\u00fclemelerden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc krizler y\u00fcksek gelir gruplar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla etkiliyor ve daha fazla t\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Krizin etkisi ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya y\u00f6neliyor. 2001 krizi kadar etkili olmasa da k\u00fcresel krizin etkisiyle 2009 ve sonras\u0131nda Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131nda benzer d\u00fczelmeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda 0,41\u2019de kalan katsay\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 0,40\u2019a gerilemi\u015f durumda. Krizin etkisinin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 ve izleyen y\u0131llar bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan daha iyi bir g\u00f6sterge olacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 0.25 ile 0.50 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130sve\u00e7, Norve\u00e7 gibi sosyal demokrasi rejimi uygulayan Kuzey \u00fclkelerinde Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 0,25 \u2013 0,30 gibi oranlarda \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Eski sosyalist \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda da buna benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Gini katsay\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. Almanya, geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomiler aras\u0131nda 0,28\u2019lik oranla gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en iyi oldu\u011fu \u00fclke. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de oran 0,34. ABD\u2019de gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gibi 0,41 d\u00fczeyinde.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli bilgiler daha var. \u00d6rne\u011fin n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 60\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 ev sahibi, y\u00fczde 20\u2019den fazlas\u0131 kirac\u0131 konumunda bulunuyor. Konutunda \u00e7at\u0131 s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, duvar nemi, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f pencere \u00e7er\u00e7evesi gibi sorunlar\u0131 olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 40\u2019a yak\u0131n. Konutunda izolasyon s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle dolay\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma sorunu olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Evden uzakta bir haftal\u0131k bir tatili kar\u015f\u0131lama imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 dolay\u0131nda. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun b\u00f6yle bir tatili kar\u015f\u0131lama imk\u00e2n\u0131 yok. N\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131 yeni giysiler alabilecek durumda, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise b\u00f6yle bir imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmuyor. Bunlar da Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bize s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi ger\u00e7eklerin anketlerle belirlenmi\u015f yans\u0131malar\u0131.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lardan en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u0131 Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kare \u00e7izerek soldaki dikey eksene y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde GSYH\u2019dan al\u0131nan paylar\u0131,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12305\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}