{"id":11744,"date":"2012-02-18T09:32:23","date_gmt":"2012-02-18T07:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=11744"},"modified":"2012-02-18T09:32:32","modified_gmt":"2012-02-18T07:32:32","slug":"osmanli-hazinesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/osmanli-hazinesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Hazinesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Fatih Sultan Mehmet&#8217;e gelinceye kadar Osmanl\u0131 Hazinesi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u0130slam gelene\u011fine uygun olarak Beyt\u00fclmal anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde y\u00f6netilmi\u015f, kararlar hep en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &#8220;<strong>Beyt\u00fclmal<\/strong>&#8221; ad\u0131 verilen \u0130slam Hazine&#8217;sinin \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u015f\u00f6ylece \u00e7izmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u201cHer \u015fey Beyt\u00fclmala aittir. \u0130slam\u0131n yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanmas\u0131 gereken her \u015feyi \u00f6demeye Beyt\u00fclmal mecburdur. Asker ayl\u0131klar\u0131 ile hayvan ve silah bedelleri ve kamu yarar\u0131na yap\u0131lacak di\u011fer giderler Beyt\u00fclmaldan \u00f6denir.\u201d<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 geni\u015fledik\u00e7e geleneksel Hazine y\u00f6netiminin i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011f\u0131lamaz hale gelinmi\u015f, \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul&#8217;un fethinden sonra daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere Fatih Sultan Mehmet, devletin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve o arada Hazine&#8217;yi yeniden \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemede y\u00f6neticiler, protokol, yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Rumeli Defterdar\u0131 (sonralar\u0131 Ba\u015fdefterdar) bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetkilerine sahip bulunuyor, Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in Kanunname-i Devlet-i Ali Osman adl\u0131 yasas\u0131nda tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle Devlet Hazinesini Padi\u015fah\u0131n vekili s\u0131fat\u0131yla y\u00f6netiyordu. Fatih Sultan Mehmet&#8217;in h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Anadolu Defterdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla, Anadolu&#8217;da toplanan gelir ve yap\u0131lan giderlerden sorumlu, bir Defterdarl\u0131k daha kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Fatih Sultan Mehmet, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 Hazine olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur: (1)\u00a0<strong>Devlet Hazinesi (<\/strong>Hazine\u2011i Amire, Hazine\u2011i H\u00fcmayun, Hazine\u2011i Emiriye, Hazine\u2011i Birun, D\u0131\u015f Hazine ya da Hazine\u2011i Devlet.) (2)\u00a0<strong>Padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00d6zel Hazinesi<\/strong>\u00a0(Hazine\u2011i Hassa, Hazine\u2011i Enderun ya da \u0130\u00e7 Hazine.) (3)\u00a0<strong>\u0130slam\u0131n kutsal emanetlerine tahsis edilen hazine (<\/strong>Hazine\u2011i Harem<strong>,<\/strong>Hazine\u2011i Haremeyn.)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ba\u015fdefterdar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunan Devlet Hazinesi; dine ve geleneklere dayal\u0131 baz\u0131 vergiler, ele ge\u00e7irilen \u00fclkelerden al\u0131nan hara\u00e7, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan halktan al\u0131nan cizye, Sadrazam, vezirler ve Devletin \u00f6nde gelen ki\u015fileri taraf\u0131ndan zaman zaman padi\u015faha verilen hediyelerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (rikabiye), sava\u015f gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerde al\u0131nan ge\u00e7ici vergiler (avariz), M\u0131s\u0131r gibi timar sistemine dahil olmayan baz\u0131 eyaletlerden y\u0131lda bir kez al\u0131nan vergiler (salyaneli eyaletler vergisi), Devlet arazilerinin kiralanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 elde edilen kira gelirleri (mukataa) gibi gelirlere sahipti. Devlet Hazinesi&#8217;nin ba\u015fl\u0131ca giderleri ise yeni\u00e7eri ve Devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131 ile merkezi y\u00f6netim giderlerinden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Hazine Keth\u00fcdas\u0131n\u0131n (Hazine Kahyas\u0131) sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda bulunan Padi\u015fah&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6zel hazinesi (Hazine\u2011i Hassa), Padi\u015fah ve saray\u0131n giderlerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftu. \u00a0Hazine-i Hassa\u2019ya \u00e7e\u015fitli sava\u015f ganimetlerinden Padi\u015fah&#8217;\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen de\u011ferli e\u015fya ve paralar, \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferli hediyeler ve benzeri de\u011ferler konurdu. Hazine-i Hassa, saray\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmde m\u00fch\u00fcr alt\u0131nda saklan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Harem Hazinesi; Mekke ve Medine\u2019deki kutsal emanetlerin saklanmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131 ve onar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tahsis edilmi\u015f kaynaklardan olu\u015furdu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Devlet Hazinesi a\u00e7\u0131k verdi\u011finde Padi\u015fah, \u00f6zel Hazinesinden Devlet Hazinesine bor\u00e7 verirdi.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fatih Sultan Mehmet&#8217;e gelinceye kadar Osmanl\u0131 Hazinesi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u0130slam gelene\u011fine uygun olarak Beyt\u00fclmal anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde y\u00f6netilmi\u015f, kararlar hep en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11744\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}