{"id":11060,"date":"2012-01-31T11:14:03","date_gmt":"2012-01-31T09:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=11060"},"modified":"2012-01-31T11:14:24","modified_gmt":"2012-01-31T09:14:24","slug":"lombrosonun-hayaleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/lombrosonun-hayaleti\/","title":{"rendered":"Lombroso&#8217;nun Hayaleti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cesare Lombroso 1835-1909 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir \u0130talyan hekimi. Hekimlikle yetinmeyip insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lu olabilecekleri kuram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. En \u00fcnl\u00fc kitab\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu kuram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201cSu\u00e7lu \u0130nsan\u201dda Lombroso, kafa bi\u00e7imindeki sapmalar, y\u00fczdeki asimetrik geli\u015fmeler, g\u00f6z bi\u00e7imindeki bozukluklar, burunda ve di\u015flerde bozukluklar gibi bi\u00e7im bozuklu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lu olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p><div class=\"bilge-yaziust\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"bilge-4183888391\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7495567325667578\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"9580705384\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"rectangle\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<div>Lombroso&#8217;ya g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131 bize kimin su\u00e7lu olabilece\u011fini \u00f6nceden ortaya koydu\u011fu bi\u00e7im bozukluklar\u0131yla g\u00f6steriyor. Bize su\u00e7luya ili\u015fkin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor. Bu tip insanlar\u0131 izlemek ve \u00f6nceden \u00f6nlem almak da bize d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Lombroso, bu t\u00fcr insanlara ba\u015ftan bir \u015fey yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131, ama izlenmesini ve ilk yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda derhal \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmesini \u00f6neriyor.<\/div>\n<p>Bu sa\u00e7ma sapan kuram, y\u0131llarca Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda m\u00fcthi\u015f itibar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve su\u00e7 biliminin (kriminoloji) neredeyse temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015f. \u00dcstelik Lombroso&#8217;nun izleyicileri onun kadar insafl\u0131 da yakla\u015fmam\u0131\u015flar konuya. Bu t\u00fcr insanlar\u0131n daha ba\u015ftan, yani su\u00e7 i\u015flemeden yakalan\u0131p hapse at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermeye kadar vard\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar i\u015fi. Polisin san\u0131\u011fa yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na insanlar\u0131n tipi, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc uzun s\u00fcre etkin olmu\u015f. Bug\u00fcn bile bu etkinin toplumsal birtak\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmelerde gizliden gizliye devam edip gitti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<div>Asl\u0131nda Lombroso&#8217;nun kuram\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 be\u015f yukar\u0131 orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa&#8217;s\u0131nda egemen olan cad\u0131 av\u0131 kuram\u0131n\u0131n, yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011fda bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imdeki sunulu\u015fu gibi. Orta\u00e7a\u011f sonras\u0131nda lanetlenen cad\u0131 av\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 19&#8217;uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Lombroso ile bu kez do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lular tezi alt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde yeniden hortlam\u0131\u015f ve 20&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar geni\u015f destek bulmu\u015f.<\/div>\n<div>\nCesare Lombroso&#8217;nun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Nazilerin Yahudi \u0131rk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fti\u011fi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Naziler, Yahudilerin tipine de\u011fil yaln\u0131zca Yahudi olmas\u0131na bakarak Lombroso&#8217;nun kuram\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir alana ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131verdiler. Nazi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Yahudiler do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7luydular ve temizlenmeleri gerekiyordu.<\/div>\n<p>Cesare Lombroso \u00f6leli neredeyse y\u00fcz y\u0131l olsa da ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuram\u0131n etkisi devam ediyor. Bu etki belki kriminoloji alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha az, \u00e7ok daha zay\u0131f, ama toplum kat\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 olduk\u00e7a yo\u011fun. Bireysel baz\u0131 kusur, su\u00e7 ya da hatalar\u0131 genelle\u015ftirmeyi seven toplumlarda bunlar hemen bir aileye, gruba, taraftarlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne hatta kente mal edilebiliyor. Hi\u00e7 kimse bu t\u00fcr kusurlar\u0131n bireysel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakm\u0131yor ve b\u00f6yle bir kusur i\u015fleyen bir bireyin bulundu\u011fu toplum ya da topluluk toptan karalanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131yor. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n cad\u0131 av\u0131ndan, Lombroso&#8217;nun do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lular uygulanmas\u0131ndan ve Yahudilere yap\u0131lanlardan fark\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n<div>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f hukuk bireyi ele al\u0131r ve onu devlete kar\u015f\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan devlet, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olan bireydir. Hukuk, bireyi de\u011fil de devleti korumaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda bamba\u015fka bir \u015feye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<p>Cesare Lombroso&#8217;nun hayaleti aram\u0131zda dola\u015fmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>(Not: Bu yaz\u0131 06.02.2005 tarihinde Radikal Gazetesinde ayn\u0131 adla yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131m\u0131n yenilenmi\u015f \u015feklidir.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cesare Lombroso 1835-1909 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir \u0130talyan hekimi. Hekimlikle yetinmeyip insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lu olabilecekleri kuram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11060"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11060\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}