{"id":10253,"date":"2012-01-12T08:19:07","date_gmt":"2012-01-12T06:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/?p=10253"},"modified":"2012-01-12T09:19:24","modified_gmt":"2012-01-12T07:19:24","slug":"nedir-bu-yapisal-reformlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/i\/nedir-bu-yapisal-reformlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Nedir Bu Yap\u0131sal Reformlar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisiyle ilgili hemen her yorum \u201cbunlar iyi ama s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131sal reformlar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekiyor\u201d gibi bir c\u00fcmleyle bitiyor. Herkesin bildi\u011fi, tam olarak tan\u0131mlayamasa da sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu sihirli bir deyim \u201cyap\u0131sal reform.\u201d<\/p><div class=\"bilge-yaziust\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"bilge-884366705\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7495567325667578\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"9580705384\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"rectangle\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<div><strong>Yap\u0131sal reform<\/strong>, bir sistemin daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve \u015foklara kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in o sistemin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Ekonomi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir \u00f6rnek vereyim. Diyelim ki \u0130stanbul\u2019u olas\u0131 bir depreme kar\u015f\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hale getirmek istiyorsunuz. O zaman eskiden depremlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lar yapman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, hem zaman alacak hem de pahal\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kacak bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Ama tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem kentin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fczelle\u015fecek hem de depremlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artacakt\u0131r. Ya da a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan adalet sistemini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in mahkeme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak hukuk alan\u0131nda bir yap\u0131sal reform olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/div>\n<p>Diyelim ki s\u00fcrekli a\u00e7\u0131k veren bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemi s\u00f6z konusu. \u00d6rne\u011fin her ay sisteme \u00fcye olanlardan 100 lira prim toplan\u0131yor ve bu gelir faiz hesaplar\u0131nda ya da tahvil getirisinde nemaland\u0131r\u0131larak 110 liraya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yine diyelim ki sistemden sa\u011fl\u0131k gideri ve emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 alanlara da ayda 130 lira \u00f6deniyor. Bu durumda sistem her ay 20 lira a\u00e7\u0131k veriyor demektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 yolu var: (1) \u00dcyelerden al\u0131nan primleri art\u0131rmak, (2) Emekli maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, (3) Bor\u00e7lanmak. Bor\u00e7lanmak ge\u00e7ici bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr ve bazen de sorunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. O halde kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in ilk iki \u00f6nlemi almak gerekecektir. Bu \u00f6nlemler s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yaratacak \u00f6nlemlerdir ama sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminin iflas etmemesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemelere \u201cyap\u0131sal reform\u201d diyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ihtiyac\u0131 olan ekonomik yap\u0131sal reformlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplanabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1) B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ithal\u00e2ta ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131dan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi.<\/strong>\u00a0Bunun iki yolu olabilir: \u0130\u00e7 tasarruflar\u0131 art\u0131rmak veya \u00fcretimin ithal\u00e2ta dayal\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yerli girdilere y\u00f6neltmek. Her ikisi de zaman al\u0131c\u0131 ve biraz can ac\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri gerektirse de t\u0131pk\u0131 deprem \u00f6nlemi gibi mutlaka yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015feylerdir. E\u011fer bu iki \u00f6nlem al\u0131n\u0131p da yap\u0131sal reform yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa o zaman tek \u00e7are b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 potansiyel b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00fczeyi olan y\u00fczde 5\u2019lere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2) Vergi sisteminin dolayl\u0131 vergilere dayal\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p dolays\u0131z vergilere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veren bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi.<\/strong>\u00a0Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ncelikle adil bir vergilemenin yerle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dolayl\u0131 vergiler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirliden oransal olarak daha y\u00fcksek vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ithal\u00e2ta ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 vergi geliri art\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Bir ba\u015fka yarar\u0131 da kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3) Enerji faturas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tasarruf \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/strong>Enerjimizi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal etti\u011fimiz i\u00e7in cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa olumsuz katk\u0131 yapan bu ithal\u00e2t kalemini azalt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri almam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlara daha bir\u00e7ok konu eklenebilir. Yaln\u0131z ekonomi alan\u0131nda de\u011fil\u00a0<strong>e\u011fitimden adalete kadar bir\u00e7ok konuda yap\u0131sal reformlara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/strong>\u00a0Ama hemen ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in bu \u00fc\u00e7 alan bence do\u011fru bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisiyle ilgili hemen her yorum \u201cbunlar iyi ama s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131sal reformlar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekiyor\u201d gibi bir c\u00fcmleyle bitiyor. Herkesin bildi\u011fi, tam olarak tan\u0131mlayamasa&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tumyazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10253"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10253\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bilgeyatirimci.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}